Related Articles in ScienceDirect Human papillomavirus, it's genes... and cancer vaccines Cancer Cell Human papillomavirus, it's genes… and cancer vaccines Cancer Cell, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2003, Pages 7-8 Michael A. Steller Abstract Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is causally linked to the development of cervical cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Recent studies demonstrate the effectiveness of virus-like particle-based vaccines to induce neutralizing antibodies against HPV and prevent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. PDF (1059 K) Prevention strategies against the human papillomavirus:... Gynecologic Oncology Prevention strategies against the human papillomavirus: The effectiveness of vaccination Gynecologic Oncology, Volume 107, Issue 2, Supplement 1, November 2007, Pages S19-S23 M. Stanley Abstract It has been clearly established that sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the major cause of genital warts and cervical cancer and are a contributing factor in the development of other types of anogenital cancers. There is a higher risk of HPV infection with an increasing number of sexual partners. Health education measures aimed at improving the use of condoms, reducing the number of sexual partners and promoting safer sex strategies have been employed with the goal of decreasing the transmission of HPV. Of these intervention strategies, promotion of condom use has been shown to be the most effective. More recently, prophylactic HPV vaccines have been developed with the aim of reducing the burden of HPV-related diseases such as cervical cancer. Two vaccines have been developed: Gardasil®, a quadrivalent vaccine targeting HPV-6, -11, -16 and -18) and Cervarix™, a bivalent vaccine which targets HPV-16 and -18. HPV-16 and -18 are most commonly associated with cervical cancer. In clinical trials, HPV vaccination has been shown to be safe, immunogenic and highly effective against type-specific HPV infection. Predictive data also indicate that the implementation of HPV vaccination within a national screening program is likely to be cost-effective relative to current clinical practice. Purchase PDF (272 K) HPV vaccines and the prevention of cervical cancer Update on Cancer Therapeutics HPV vaccines and the prevention of cervical cancer Update on Cancer Therapeutics, Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2008, Pages 43-48 Ian H. Frazer Abstract Cervical cancer is the second commonest causes of cancer death among women worldwide. Uniquely amongst human cancers, it is entirely attributable to infection. Persisting infection of anogenital epithelium with one of a limited subset of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is necessary for the development of cervical cancer. Several recent large clinical trials have shown that prophylactic vaccines, based on PV virus particles produced using recombinant DNA technology, provide long lasting immunity against infection with the incorporated PV genotypes, and against premalignant conditions caused by these infections. Effective deployment of these vaccines, which have excellent safety and efficacy profiles, could eventually reduce the global burden of cervical cancer by up to 70% through universal immunisation of preadolescent girls. Vaccine use will supplement rather than replace cervical cancer screening programs, where these programs already exist. Purchase PDF (152 K) Recombinant vaccines for the prevention of human papill... Experimental and Molecular Pathology Recombinant vaccines for the prevention of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Volume 86, Issue 3, June 2009, Pages 224-233 Kenneth E. Palmer, A. Bennett Jenson, J. Calvin Kouokam, Amanda B. Lasnik, Shin-je Ghim Abstract Carcinogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) that cause cervical cancer preferentially infect basal, metaplastic squamous cells of the transformation zone. If infection persists, and a vegetative infection ensues, a premalignant lesion may develop with the potential to progress into an invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Papillomavirus prophylactic vaccines target the systemic immune system for induction of neutralizing antibodies that protect the basal cells against infection. Because the carcinogenic HPVs are susceptible to neutralization by antibodies for 9–48 h after reaching the basal cells, both low and high titered HPV type-specific antibodies induced by HPV L1 and L2-based vaccines are highly efficacious. The greatest burden of HPV-associated cancers occurs in poor areas of the world where women do not have access to routine gynecological care. The burden of HIV/AIDS in these same regions of the world has added to the burden of HPV-associated disease. There is an urgent need for a cost-effective, broad-spectrum HPV prophylactic vaccine in developing countries, which necessitates substantial cost subsidization of the virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccines licensed in industrialized countries or an alternative approach with second-generation vaccines that are specifically designed for delivery to women in resource-poor communities. Purchase PDF (564 K) Cervical cancer vaccines available in 2007 Drug Discovery Today Cervical cancer vaccines available in 2007 Drug Discovery Today, Volume 10, Issue 14, 15 July 2005, Pages 949-950 Andrawiss Mariam Abstract Two Phase II trials of HPV vaccines have shown promising results. Purchase PDF (205 K) View More Related Articles

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